初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)一覽表

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)一覽表

語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句Hegoestoschooleveryday.Ioftenhavelunchathome.Hewrotealetteryesterday.Istudiedhardlastyear.Areyougoingtoread?Heiscomingtomorrow.Tomiswritingnow.Theyarelyingonthebed.動(dòng)詞用原形一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)-s/es動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)Bewas/werebegoingto＋V原一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall+V原Everyoftenalwayson天in一般-ses輔have----has月、季、節(jié)、年。音＋y---ies/In1998一般/去e雙寫(xiě)go-wentcome-came/輔＋y結(jié)尾－do-didleave-left等iedGocomeleavestayfly等用進(jìn)行表將來(lái)ago/justnow表過(guò)去某個(gè)、段時(shí)間內(nèi)last/yesterday等動(dòng)作及狀態(tài)在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間或某段時(shí)要做的事tomorrow/afternext/tonightin201*現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be＋doinglistenlooknow表此時(shí)此刻正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)allthetimeDon’t…作或狀態(tài)一般去e雙寫(xiě)tiedielie+ing變ie為y加ing含糊的頻率現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+PP發(fā)生在過(guò)去影響在現(xiàn)在詞alreadyjustneverever現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行have/hasbeen+doing的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)等was/were+doing.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)多用于復(fù)合句中had+動(dòng)過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)多用于復(fù)合句中atthistimeyesterday表在過(guò)去某時(shí)間正在進(jìn)lastSundayevening行的動(dòng)作bythetime＋過(guò)去時(shí)該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)whenafterbefore去副分詞規(guī)則的同不規(guī)則的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分Ihavebeenteachingfor8過(guò)去式是一樣詞需逐個(gè)記憶years.的Hehassleptfortwodays.一般去e雙寫(xiě)tiedielie+ing變ie為y加ing規(guī)則的分詞構(gòu)需要逐個(gè)記憶成與過(guò)去時(shí)一詳見(jiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表樣的HewasreadingatthattimelastFridayWehadlearnt201*wordsbytheendoflastyear.語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句Hesaidthathewouldcomeherethenextday.Sheisthetallinthetwo.HerunsfasterthanTom.Sheisthemostbeautifulinherclass.(最高級(jí)加the)would+V原形過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)多用賓語(yǔ)從句中比較級(jí)形式后--er前加more形容副詞名詞名詞比較用more最高級(jí)形式后-est前加most形容副詞名詞名詞比較用most過(guò)去看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)Hesaidthathe…thenextday.作或狀態(tài)表示兩個(gè)人、物之間進(jìn)行比較時(shí)than/much/alittlefar/inthetwo等一般/去e雙寫(xiě)good/wellbetter/輔＋y結(jié)尾－much/manymoreier一般/去e雙寫(xiě)bad/ill/badly-worst/輔＋y結(jié)尾－far-farther-farthestiest大于等于三個(gè)人、物之inthe＋比較范圍間進(jìn)行比較ofthe具體的數(shù)字動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)todo沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)ToreadishelpfulforHewantstobuyaIhearhimsingyesterday和數(shù)的變化anybodynow.dictionary.Tomtoldmetoopenit.作表語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)HisjobistoHe’llgotoseeadoctorHehasmuchhomeworktakecareoftomorrow.todoeveryday.children.狀語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句主從復(fù)合句句子作狀語(yǔ)（時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因條件讓步比較）句子作賓語(yǔ)（語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)、引導(dǎo)詞、客觀事實(shí)）句子作定語(yǔ)（修飾名詞或代詞的句子、注意先行詞）HewaswritingaletterwhenIcamein。HeaskedmeifIhadbeentoBeijingbefore.Isawthemanwhowasstealingmybikeyesterday主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)與被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)（人、物）+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)WespeakEnglish.動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+及物動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)作承受者主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)（人、物）+bePP+by賓語(yǔ)Englishisspokenbyus動(dòng)作承受者+bePP+by動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中沒(méi)有可以省to的不定式賓改主謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞bePP主by賓主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)，先找主、謂、賓，賓改主、主by賓，代詞變格要細(xì)心，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞bepp,時(shí)態(tài)隨主、數(shù)隨被PP是及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞加ed或不規(guī)則詳見(jiàn)表被動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)（be）隨主動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)（do）人稱(chēng)和數(shù)應(yīng)隨被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)(am、is、are、was、were等)

擴(kuò)展閱讀：初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)一覽表

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)一覽表

★清華大學(xué)★英語(yǔ)系測(cè)試：為中學(xué)英語(yǔ)量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授50年研究成果

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)一覽表語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句Everyoftenalways一般-seshave----has動(dòng)詞用原形一般現(xiàn)在三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)-s表示經(jīng)常性的on天in月、季、節(jié)、輔音＋時(shí)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)年。y---ies/esHegoestoschooleveryday.Ioftenhavelunchathome.ago/justnow/In1998一般/去ego-wentcome-cameHewrotealetter動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)表過(guò)去某個(gè)、段一般過(guò)去last/yesterday等雙寫(xiě)/輔＋do-didleave-left等yesterday.Bewas/時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作及時(shí)y結(jié)尾－Istudiedhardlastwere狀態(tài)iedyear.begoingto＋在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)tomorrow/afterGocomeleavestayAreyougoingto一般將來(lái)V原間或next/tonightinfly等用進(jìn)行表將來(lái)read?時(shí)will/shall+某段時(shí)要做的201*HeiscomingV原事tomorrow.一般去etiedielie表此時(shí)此刻正listenlooknowTomiswritingnow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行變ie為y加ingTheyarelyingonbe＋doing進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或allthetimeDon’t…雙寫(xiě)時(shí)+ing狀態(tài)thebed.語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句have/has分詞規(guī)則不規(guī)則的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)Ihavebeenteaching發(fā)生在過(guò)去影含糊的頻率副+PP響在現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)詞alreadyjustnever的同過(guò)去去分詞需逐個(gè)記憶for8years.have/hasever式是一樣Hehassleptfortwo作或狀態(tài)等been+doing的days.was/wereatthistimeyesterday一般去etiedielie表在過(guò)去某時(shí).過(guò)去進(jìn)行+doinglastSundayevening雙寫(xiě)變ie為y加ingHewasreadingatthattime時(shí)多用于復(fù)合句間正在進(jìn)行的+ing動(dòng)作lastFriday中had+動(dòng)過(guò)去bythetime＋過(guò)去時(shí)規(guī)則的分需要逐個(gè)記憶Wehadlearnt201*過(guò)去完成分詞該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在whenafterbefore詞構(gòu)成與詳見(jiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表words時(shí)多用于復(fù)合句過(guò)去的過(guò)去過(guò)去時(shí)一bytheendoflast中樣的year.would+V原過(guò)去看來(lái)將要Hesaidthathe過(guò)去將來(lái)形Hesaidthathe…thewouldcomeherethe時(shí)多用賓語(yǔ)從句發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或nextday.狀態(tài)nextday.中比較級(jí)形后--er前加表示兩個(gè)人、物一般/去egood/wellbetterSheisthetallinthe式more之間進(jìn)行比較than/much/alittle雙寫(xiě)/輔＋much/manymoretwo.形容副詞名詞比較用時(shí)far/inthetwo等y結(jié)尾－Herunsfasterthan名詞moreierTom.最高級(jí)形后-est前加一般/去ebad/ill/badly-worstSheisthemost大于等于三個(gè)式mostinthe＋比較范圍雙寫(xiě)/輔＋far-farther-farthestbeautiful人、物之間進(jìn)行形容副詞名詞比較用ofthe具體的數(shù)字y結(jié)尾－inherclass.(最高級(jí)比較名詞mostiest加the)動(dòng)詞不定作主語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)作表語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句式ToreadisHewantstoIhearhimsingHisjobisHe’llgotoseeaHehasmuchtodo沒(méi)有helpfulforbuyayesterdaytotakedoctortomorrow.homework人稱(chēng)和數(shù)anybodydictionary.Tomtoldmetoopencareoftodoeveryday.的變化now.it.children.狀語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句句子作狀語(yǔ)（時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因條句子作賓語(yǔ)（語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)、引導(dǎo)句子作定語(yǔ)（修飾名詞或代詞的句子、主從復(fù)合件讓步比較）詞、客觀事實(shí)）注意先行詞）句HewaswritingaletterwhenIHeaskedmeifIhadbeentoIsawthemanwhowasstealingmybikecamein。Beijingbefore.yesterday主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)（人、物）+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)，先找主、謂、賓，賓改主、動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+及物動(dòng)詞+WespeakEnglish.主by賓，代詞變格要細(xì)心，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)作承受者主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)bepp,時(shí)態(tài)隨主、數(shù)隨被與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)（人、物）+beEnglishisspokenbyusPP是及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞加ed或不被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)PP+by賓語(yǔ)規(guī)則詳見(jiàn)表動(dòng)作承受者+bePP+by動(dòng)賓改主謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞bePP主被動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)（be）隨主動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)（do）作執(zhí)行者by賓人稱(chēng)和數(shù)應(yīng)隨被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)(am、is、在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中沒(méi)有可以省toare、was、were等)的不定式

★清華大學(xué)★英語(yǔ)系測(cè)試：為中小學(xué)生英語(yǔ)量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授50年研究成果

初二（上）英語(yǔ)第一單元評(píng)估試題一．英漢互譯：10％1.2.3.4.5.

準(zhǔn)時(shí)_________6.howtospell良好的祝愿7.forexample不得不8.makeEnglishfun浪費(fèi)食物9.not...anymore教師節(jié)10.Mother’sDay二．填寫(xiě)所缺字母：5％1.2.3.

—James‖isag________name.

Thankyouforh________mewiththework.Thet_________muststopwhenthelightsarered.4.5.6.7.8.9.

Sheisaquietgirl.Shen_________talksmuch.I’ma________I’venoidea.TViss________fortelevision.

Youmuststandupw________theteachercallsyourname.Peopledon’tuseMr,MrsorMsb________theirfirstnames.Tomanypeople,them________ofanameisimportant.

10.InEngland,thefamilynamecomesl________.三．用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：10％1.2.3.4.5.

Annoftengoes________withhermotheronSundays.(shop)I’llcomehere________nexttime.(early)Listen!Mike________aChinesesong.(sing)

Weoftenhavegreatfun________onthefarm.(work)Thecolourofyourcoatis________frommine(difference)6.7.8.9.

Septemberisthe_________monthoftheyear.(nine)Sheoften________TVonFridayevening.(watch)Thetrain________atsixo’clock.(leave)Shelikes________inthemorning.(read)

10.Oneofthe________isMissGao.She________Englishverywell.(teach)四．選擇填空：25％1.

Welcome________home.

A.toB.backC.backtoD.backmy2.

Whatdoyoucall________?

A.forshortB.shortforC.forlongD.longfor3.

Mymotherwantsme________withher.

A.goshoppingB.togoshoppingC.togotoshopD.togotoshopping4.

Heiswriting—Goodluck________you‖onthecard.A.forB.atC.withD.to5.

LessonTwois_________ofthisbook.

A.asecondlessonB.lessonsecondC.thesecondlessonD.thelessonsecond6.

Thankfor________ussowell.

A.teachingB.teachC.toteachingD.toteach7.

I’mgoingtoShanghai________month.

A.lastB.innextC.inthisD.next8.

Theseareournewstudents________Idon’tknowmanyofthem.A.andB.butC.soD.because9.

Their________thirdclassbeginsat9:30.

A.theB./C.aD.this10.Canyougiveapieceofpaper_______me?A.toB.forC.withD./

11.Herearesomeflowers_________you_________ourbest________.

A.for,to,wishesB.for,with,wishesC.to,for,wishD.of,to,wish12.InEngland,thelastnameisthe_______.

A.givennameB.middlenameC.familynameD.fullname13.Wecan’tcall—ElizabethGreen‖_________ifshe’snotmarried(結(jié)婚).

A.MissElizabethB.MissGreenC.ElizabethD.Liz14.MrZhangasksme________himacall.

A.giveB.givingC.givesD.togive15.Ihave________totellyou.

A.importantsomethingB.importantnothingC.somethingimportantD.anythingimportant

16.Tomwithhistwofriends________goingshoppingtomorrowmorning.A.areB.isC.willD.can

17.Canyougiveusatalkabout________betweenChineseandEnglishnames?A.differentB,difference

C.thedifferentD.thedifference

18.---I’msorry.Yourpencilisbroken.---________.

A.GivememypenB.ThankyouC.Itdoesn’tmatterD.Allright19.It’stoohottoday.Howabout________inthelake?

A.goforaswimB.haveaswimC.swimD.havingaswim20.Don’tdothat!It’sjust________.

A.awasteoftimeB.awastetimeC.wasteoftimeD.awasteoftimes21.Theman________oftengoestoworkonfoot.

A.callsTomB.callTomC.calledTomD.iscalled22.Philliptellsthemthat—ph‖________an—f‖.

A:soundlikeB.soundlikesC.soundslikesD.soundslike23.Iknowonly________aboutEnglishnames.

A.alittleB.littleC.lotD.alot24.---Isitgoingtoraintomorrow?--_________.

---That’stoobad!Idon’tliketherain.

A.IhopesoB.I’mafraidnotC.I’mafraidso25._________ofyoumustdoeyeexerciseseveryday.

A.EveryB.EveryoneC.Everyone五．完成對(duì)話，每空一詞：10％

A:Hi,areyounewhere?

B:Yes,I____1____.Whataboutyou?A:____2____,too.____3____areyoufrom?B:I’mfromCanada.What____4____you?A:Smallworld,I’mfrom____5____,too.D.I’mnotafraidD.Noone

B:Which____6____areyoufrom?A:I’mfromToronto.MynameisSandra.___7___you?B:MynameisThomas.Youcancallme____8____forshort.A:OK,Tom.

B:CanIcallyou____9____forshort?A:Sure,____10____problem.六．句型轉(zhuǎn)換：10％1.

CallmeJames,please.(否定句)Please________________meJames.2.

Tomhassomehomeworktodoeveryday.(一般疑問(wèn)句)________Tom_______________homeworktodoeveryday?3.

Doesheswimintheriver?(改為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))________he________intheriver?4.HanMeiisgoingtobuyacardtomorrow.(劃線提問(wèn))________isshegoingto_________tomorrow?

5.TodayisWednesday.(劃線提問(wèn))________________istoday?

6.Hehastodohouseworkafterschool.(否定句)He________________todohouseworkafterschool.

7.TodaywearegoingtolearnLessonTwenty-one.(同義句)Wewilllearn________________________today.

8.Whynotcomewithus?(同義句)Why________you________withus?

9.Heisthinkinghowheisgoingtousethecomputer.(同義句)Heisthinking________________usethecomputer.

七．完形填空10％InChina,mostpeople’snameshave____1____parts,the____2____namesandthefamilynames.Onepersonmayhave____3____names.Forexample,whentheyareveryyoungand____4____home,theyusuallyhavenicknames.Atschooltheyusetheir____5____names.Ifsomeone____6____awriter,heorshehasapenname.Newyoungcouples(夫婦)becomevery____7____whentheynametheirchild.____8____thenameshavespecialmeanings.Someshowtheirparents’____9____.Girls’namesshowthattheirparentswantthemtobenice.Boys’namesareoftenuseful____10_____thecountry.

1.A.twoB.secondC.threeD.third2.A.familyB.givenC.middleD.full3.A.muchB.alotC.manyD.alittle4.A.inB.atC.ofD.with5.A.penB.givenC.fullD.family6.A.beB.isC.areD.was7.A.sadB.happyC.angryD.careful8.A.SomeB.BothC.OneD.Mostof9.A.headB.hopeC.ideaD.name10.A.toB.inC.aboutD.at八．閱讀理解：10％

Tomisalittleboy,andheisonlysevenyearsold.Heoftengoestotheparkandthefruitshophimself.Sometimeshismothertakeshimtothemuseum.

Onedayhegoestoacinema.Itisthefirsttimeforhimtodothat.Hebuysaticketandthengoesin.Butaftertwoorthreeminuteshecomesout,buysasecondticketandgoesinagain.Afterafewminuteshecomesoutagainandbuysathirdticket.Twoorthreeminuteslaterhecomesoutandasksforanotherticket.Thenthegirlintheticketofficeasksbeforegivinghimtheticket,—Whydoyoubuysomanytickets?Howmanyfriendsdoyoumeet?‖Tomanswers,—No.Ihavenofriendshere.Butabigboyalwaysstopsmeatthedoorandtears(撕)myticketintopieces.‖

1.Tomdoesn’tgoto________himself.A.theparkB.thefruitshopC.themuseumD.thecinema

2.Itis________timeforTomtogotothecinema.

A.thefirstB.thesecondC.thethirdD.thefourth3.HowmanyticketsdoesTombuyfromtheticketoffice?

A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four4.Whichofthefollowingsentencesistrue?

A.Tomgoestothecinemawithsomefriendsoneday.B.Tomgoestothecinemaforsometimes.

C.Tomthinksthebigboyletshiminafterhetearsthetickets.D.Tomdoesn’tunderstandwhatthebigboydoes.5.Thebigboyinthecinemais________.

A.ateacherB.aworkerC.afriendD.astudent九．書(shū)面表達(dá):10％十．請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給你的英語(yǔ)老師寫(xiě)一張教師節(jié)的賀卡初二（上）英語(yǔ)第一單元評(píng)估試題答案一．英漢互譯：10％

1.ontime2.bestwishes3.haveto4.awasteoffood5.Teachers’Day6.如何拼寫(xiě)7.例如8.使得英語(yǔ)有趣9.再也不10.母親節(jié)二．填寫(xiě)所缺字母：5％

1.given2.helping3.traffic4.never5.afraid6.short7.when8.before9.meaning10.last三．用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：10％

1.shopping2.earlier3.issinging4.(in)working5.different6.ninth7.watches8.leaves9.reading10.teachers,teaches四．選擇填空：25％

1.B2.A3.B4.D5.C6.A7.D8.C9.B10.A11.B12.C13.A14.D15.C16.B17.D18.C19.D20.A21.C22.D23.A24.C25.B五．完成對(duì)話，每空一詞：10％

1.am2.Me3.Where4.about5.Canada6.city7.And8.Tom9.Sandy10.no六．句型轉(zhuǎn)換：10％

1.don’tcall2.Does,haveany3.Is,swimming4.What,do5.Whatday6.doesn’thave7.thetwenty-firstlesson8.don’t,come9.how,to七．完形填空:10％

1.A2.B3.C4.B5.C6.B7.D8.D9.C10.A八．閱讀理解：10％

1.C2.A3.C4.D5.B九．書(shū)面表達(dá):10％略

★清華大學(xué)★英語(yǔ)系測(cè)試：為中小學(xué)生英語(yǔ)量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授50年研究成果

連詞專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練

1、Idon’tlikereadingwatchingTV.Whataboutyou?—Idon’tlikereadingallday,IlikewatchingTVplays.‖A．a(chǎn)nd,butB．a(chǎn)nd,andC．or,andD．or,but2、Youwon’tknowthevalue(價(jià)值)ofthehealthyouloseit.A．untilB．a(chǎn)fterC．whenD．because3、WeboughtGrannyapresent,shedidn’tlikeit.A．butB．a(chǎn)ndC．orD．so4、Studyhard,youwillpasstheexam.

A．soB．forC．butD．a(chǎn)nd5、Putonmoreclothes,you’llcatchcold.

A．a(chǎn)ndB．forC．orD．but6、Myshoesarewornout,Ineednewones.A．soB．ifC．becauseD．a(chǎn)nd7、Heranfasthewontherace.

A．enough…toB．so…thatC．too…toD．both…and8、Heisonlytenmonths.Hecanreadwrite.

A．either…orB．neither…norC．both…andD．so…that9、ShesaidshemightcomeSaturdaySunday.

A．neither…norB．nither…orC．too…toD．so…that10、IfTomMikeasksfortheircar,tellhimtocometomorrow.A．orB．a(chǎn)ndC．withD．but

11、Itwasalreadyteno’clockwegottothemuseumthismorning.A．thatB．whenC．ifD．for12、It’salongtimewemetlast.

A．soB．a(chǎn)fterC．sinceD．before13、Thatmathsproblemisdifficultnobodycandoit.A．too…toB．very…thatC．so…thatD．very…but14、I’llgiveherthemessageshecomesback.

A．sinceB．beforeC．untilD．a(chǎn)ssoonas

15、theteachercameintotheclassroom,manystudentsweretalkingtoeachother.A．WhileB．IfC．SinceD．When16、Peopleoftenmistakeusforeachotherwearetwins.

A．ifB．whenC．becauseD．a(chǎn)fter17、Couldyoutellmeinyourhometowninwinter?

A．ifitoftensnowedB．whetherdoesitoftensnowC．ifitoftensnowD．whetheritoftensnows

18、AreyousureMr.Liwillcometoyourbirthdayparty?A．ifB．thatC．forD．when19、LilyLucylikesinging.

A．Either…orB．Beither…nor…C．Both…andD．So…that20、Readthesentencesslowlywecanunderstandwhatyouread.A．sothatB．beforeC．untilD．because

【答案】：

一、

1、D6、A11、B16、C2、A7、B12、C17、D3、A8、B13、C18、B4、D9、B14、D19、C5、C10、A15、D20、A

★清華大學(xué)★英語(yǔ)系測(cè)試：為中小學(xué)生英語(yǔ)量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授50年研究成果

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)一覽表語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句Hegoestoschooleveryday.Ioftenhavelunch一般現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞用原形表示經(jīng)常性的Everyoftenalways一般-seshave----has三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)-s動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)on天in月、季、節(jié)、輔音＋時(shí)/es年。y---ies語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句athome.動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)表過(guò)去某個(gè)、段ago/justnow/In1998一般/去ego-wentcome-cameHewrotealetter一般過(guò)去Bewas/雙寫(xiě)/輔＋do-didleave-left等yesterday.時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作及l(fā)ast/yesterday等時(shí)y結(jié)尾－Istudiedhardlastwere狀態(tài)iedyear.begoingto＋在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)tomorrow/afterGocomeleavestayAreyougoingto一般將來(lái)V原間或next/tonightinfly等用進(jìn)行表將來(lái)read?時(shí)will/shall+某段時(shí)要做的201*HeiscomingV原事tomorrow.一般去etiedielie表此時(shí)此刻正listenlooknowTomiswritingnow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行be＋doing進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或allthetimeDon’t…雙寫(xiě)變ie為y加ingTheyarelyingon時(shí)+ing狀態(tài)thebed.現(xiàn)在完成have/has含糊的頻率副分詞規(guī)則不規(guī)則的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)Ihavebeenteaching發(fā)生在過(guò)去影時(shí)+PP詞alreadyjustnever的同過(guò)去去分詞需逐個(gè)記憶for8years.響在現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)現(xiàn)在完成have/hasever式是一樣Hehassleptfortwo作或狀態(tài)等進(jìn)行been+doing的days.was/were表在過(guò)去某時(shí)atthistimeyesterday一般去etiedielieHewasreadingat.過(guò)去進(jìn)行+doinglastSundayevening雙寫(xiě)變ie為y加ing間正在進(jìn)行的thattime時(shí)多用于復(fù)合句動(dòng)作+inglastFriday中had+動(dòng)過(guò)去bythetime＋過(guò)去時(shí)規(guī)則的分需要逐個(gè)記憶Wehadlearnt201*過(guò)去完成分詞該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在whenafterbefore詞構(gòu)成與詳見(jiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表words時(shí)過(guò)去的過(guò)去多用于復(fù)合句過(guò)去時(shí)一bytheendoflast語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句中樣的year.would+V原過(guò)去看來(lái)將要Hesaidthathe過(guò)去將來(lái)形Hesaidthathe…thewouldcomeherethe時(shí)多用賓語(yǔ)從句發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或nextday.狀態(tài)nextday.中比較級(jí)形后--er前加表示兩個(gè)人、物一般/去egood/wellbetterSheisthetallinthe式more之間進(jìn)行比較than/much/alittle雙寫(xiě)/輔＋much/manymoretwo.形容副詞名詞比較用時(shí)far/inthetwo等y結(jié)尾－Herunsfasterthan名詞moreierTom.最高級(jí)形后-est前加一般/去ebad/ill/badly-worstSheisthemost大于等于三個(gè)式mostinthe＋比較范圍雙寫(xiě)/輔＋far-farther-farthestbeautiful人、物之間進(jìn)行形容副詞名詞比較用ofthe具體的數(shù)字y結(jié)尾－inherclass.(最高級(jí)比較名詞mostiest加the)動(dòng)詞不定作主語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)作表語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)式ToreadisIhearhimsingHisjobisHe’llgotoseeaHewantstoHehasmuchtodo沒(méi)有helpfulforyesterdaytotakedoctortomorrow.buyahomework人稱(chēng)和數(shù)anybodyTomtoldmetoopencareofdictionary.todoeveryday.的變化now.it.children.狀語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句句子作狀語(yǔ)（時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因條句子作賓語(yǔ)（語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)、引導(dǎo)句子作定語(yǔ)（修飾名詞或代詞的句子、主從復(fù)合件讓步比較）詞、客觀事實(shí)）注意先行詞）句HewaswritingaletterwhenIHeaskedmeifIhadbeentoIsawthemanwhowasstealingmybikecamein。Beijingbefore.yesterday主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)（人、物）+謂WespeakEnglish.主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)，先找主、謂、賓，賓改主、與語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主by賓，代詞變格要細(xì)心，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+及物動(dòng)詞+Englishisspokenbyus動(dòng)作承受者被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)（人、物）+be賓改主謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞bePP主PP+by賓語(yǔ)by賓動(dòng)作承受者+bePP+by動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中沒(méi)有可以省to的不定式簡(jiǎn)要搜集了一些信息希望對(duì)大家有用

bepp,時(shí)態(tài)隨主、數(shù)隨被PP是及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞加ed或不規(guī)則詳見(jiàn)表被動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)（be）隨主動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)（do）人稱(chēng)和數(shù)應(yīng)隨被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)(am、is、are、was、were等)★清華大學(xué)★英語(yǔ)系測(cè)試：為中小學(xué)生英語(yǔ)量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授50年研究成果

初二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)（短語(yǔ)、句型）MODULE1、如有always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never,oncea....,every...用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，第一、二人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)后跟動(dòng)詞原形，第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)后跟動(dòng)詞加"s"/"es"。

2、如有now,look!,listen,atthemoment....用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)是be(am,is,are)+v-ing

3、如有tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,fromnowon,in+一段時(shí)間,someday,next....用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)：will+v原\\begoingto+v原（沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞用be）

4、如有yesterday,......ago,last....justnow.....用一般過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞加edgivesb.Sth.=givesth.tosb.給某人某物everyday每天,

writedown寫(xiě)下，記下writeit(them)downeveryday每天的，日常的,howaboutdoingsth.=whataboutdoingsth.做....怎么樣eachother互相.thanksalot=thankyouverymuch非常謝謝

回答That"sallright.=You"rewelcome.=That"OK.=It"smypleasure.=Notatall.Whydon"tyou+V原...=whynot+...V原為什么不helpsb.withsth.在某方面幫助別人helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事withone"shelp=withthehelpofsb.在某人的幫助helponeselftosth.請(qǐng)自用食物watchsb.dosth.看到某人做了某事，（現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有做，做過(guò)）watchsb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事（正在做）see,hear類(lèi)似

remembertodosth.想起記得要做某事，未做事rememberdoingsth.相起記得做過(guò)某事forgettodosth.忘記要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事welcomeback歡迎回來(lái),newterm新學(xué)期thisterm這學(xué)期,nextterm下學(xué)學(xué)期,

lastterm上學(xué)期,giveyousomeadvice給你一些建議whynot為什么不,makeamistake=makemistakes犯錯(cuò)誤correctspelling正確的拼寫(xiě),whatelse?=whatotherthings?還有什么

apieceofadvice一條建議,follow/takeone"sadvice采用別人的建議,sendsthtosb.=sendsb.sth.寄給某人sendfor派人去請(qǐng)/取sendup發(fā)射.allthetime一直

enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=haveagreattime=havefun,玩得愉快lotsof=alotof=many(可數(shù))\\much(不可數(shù))許多,,spend:sb.spendsometimeonsth.某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事

sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事Sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.某人花費(fèi)錢(qián)買(mǎi)某物Sb.spendsomemoney(in)buyingsth.某人花費(fèi)錢(qián)買(mǎi)某物Cost:sth.costsb.somemoney某物花去某人錢(qián)pay:sb.paysomemoneyforsth.某人支付錢(qián)

Take:Ittakes(took)sb.sometimetodosth.做某事花去某人時(shí)間askfor請(qǐng)求，要求,asksb.forsth.向某人要某物asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事apieceof一塊

enjoydoingsth喜歡做某事.finish,practise,mind,miss,consider,keep,continue,這些詞語(yǔ)后跟動(dòng)名詞形式V-ing

placesth.in=putsth.in把某物放在…里面

else常修飾不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞或副詞，也可修飾all,much,little等，else要位于其后。所有格為else"s.takeadeepbreath深呼吸,catch\\holdone"sbreath屏住呼吸,outofbreath上氣不接下氣,wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事,

thenumberof…的數(shù)目，后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用三單,anumberof=many,大量，許多后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。alargenumberof，asmallnumberof,

invitesb.todosth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事find+it+adj+todosth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣trytodosth.盡力做事trydoingsth.嘗試做某事

trynottodosth.盡力不做某事tryone"sbest盡某人最大的努力,agroupof一組，一群,borrowsthfromsb.從某人處借入某物,lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth.借給某人某物keep借一段時(shí)間practicedoingsth.,練習(xí)做做某事comefrom=befrom來(lái)自,lookfor尋找,lookafter=carefor=takecareof照顧lookup向上看，查閱,looklike看起來(lái)像,lookat看著,lookonsb.as把某人看作,

lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望，期待做某事lookover檢查，翻閱,lookout當(dāng)心，向外看,lookthrough仔細(xì)查看,

bereadyfor=getreadyfor=preparefor為…,beready準(zhǔn)備好,be(get)readytodosth.準(zhǔn)備做某事，樂(lè)意做某事translate…into…將…譯成…，

takeamessage捎個(gè)信，leaveamessage留個(gè)信，begoodfor對(duì)…有好處，begoodat=dowellin擅長(zhǎng)于…bepoorat=bebadat=dobadlyin=beweakin不擅長(zhǎng)…Thinkof想起，thinkabout想出，thinkover仔細(xì)考慮，

else修飾不定代詞something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody和who,what,when,where時(shí)放后，

四說(shuō)，1,speak說(shuō)語(yǔ)言，2.say說(shuō)內(nèi)容，3,talk與誰(shuí)說(shuō)，4,tell告訴，講述，四看，1,watch觀看電視，比賽和表演，2,see看人，電影，醫(yī)生，風(fēng)景，

3,read看書(shū)，報(bào)，4,look就看�？磮�(chǎng)電影要用see，讀書(shū)看報(bào)用read電視、戲劇、比賽，凡是表演用watch,observe細(xì)觀察，一時(shí)注意用notice.

make+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（形容詞）使某人某物怎么樣。.make+賓語(yǔ)+do讓某人做某事

make+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞使某人被怎么樣；makefriendswithsb.與某人交朋友，hearof聽(tīng)說(shuō)，hearfrom收到某人的來(lái)信，

bebadfor對(duì)…有害，itis+adj.+ofsb+todosth.寫(xiě)性格，品質(zhì)kind,goodnice,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。

Itis+adj+forsb+todosth.對(duì)物的評(píng)價(jià)difficult,easyhard,dangerous,important,等writeto…給…寫(xiě)信，nextto在…旁邊，dosomeconcerts辦音樂(lè)會(huì)，speaktosb.和某人講話，sayhellotosb.給某人問(wèn)好，saybyetosb.向某人說(shuō)再見(jiàn)，showsb.aroundsomewhere帶某人參觀某地，learnsthfromsb.向某人學(xué)習(xí)

choosethecorrectanswers選擇正確答案,correctthemistakes改錯(cuò),match…with…把…和…搭配起來(lái)

建議：1.whydon"tyoudosth?=whynotdosth?2.Howaboutdoingsth?=whataboutdoingsth?3.Youshould/candosth.4.Remembertodosth.5.Don"tforgettodosth.6.canyoudosth?7.Let"sdosth.8.It"sagoodideatodo9.wouldyouliketodo?10.Shallwedo11.You"dbetter(not)dosth.回答：That"sagoodidea.Thanksalot.

Great,OK.That"sright.Allright.Goodidea.Sure.同類(lèi)比較except，加for異類(lèi)記心間。

He"scompositionisgood,exceptforsomespellingmistakes.

他的這篇作文寫(xiě)得很好，只是有幾處拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。(非同類(lèi)比較用exceptfor)

Shewasallaloneintheworldexceptforanoldaunt.除了有一個(gè)老姑媽?zhuān)�她別無(wú)親人。Annafeltdisappointedwhenshefoundouttheyhadgoneswimmingwithouther.(without=except)當(dāng)安娜發(fā)現(xiàn)除她外，他們都去游泳了，她感到很失望。

LionHeadHillisnotworthseeingexceptforitsoldtemples.除了那些古寺以外，獅頭山?jīng)]什么可看的。Amongotherthings,weareinterestedindrawing.

我們對(duì)圖畫(huà)和別的一些東西很感興趣。(among之內(nèi)即包括在內(nèi))原狀becauseof,owingto,dueto表語(yǔ)形容詞

例：Owingtoourjointefforts,thetaskwasfulfilledaheadofschedule.由于我們的共同努力，任務(wù)提前完成了。

注：Owingto和becauseof都做原因狀語(yǔ)，而dueto只能做表語(yǔ)形容詞。所以此句。原因狀語(yǔ)。

AIIourachievementsareduetothecorrectleadershipofourParty.

owingto的介詞短語(yǔ)做我們的一切成績(jī)都?xì)w功于黨。(dueto做表語(yǔ)形容詞)Under后接修、建中，of，from物化分

例：Theroadisunderrepairnow.這條路正在修建中。

Thenowrailwayisstillunderconstruction.新鐵路尚在修筑中。(不能用in)underdiscussion在討論中(不能用in)underconsiderate在考慮中(不能用in)Thedeskismadeofwood.桌子是木頭做的。(物理變化用of)

Thewineismadefromgrape.這種酒是用葡萄釀造的。(化學(xué)變化用from)Thebridgeismadeofsteel.這座橋是鋼制的。(物理變化)Steelismadefromiron.鋼是由鐵煉成的。(化學(xué)變化)before,after表一點(diǎn)，ago,later表示一段

即before,after常表示一個(gè)點(diǎn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，而ago，later常表示一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：前天thedaybeforeyesterday；前年theyearbeforelast；大上星期theweekbeforelast等等都表示點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的。

要想準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地使用好before和ago,after和later比較困難，但要是以"點(diǎn)"和"段"來(lái)區(qū)別就容易得多。例：晚飯前beforesupper

解放前beforeliberation1970年前before1970文革前beforeculturalrevolution國(guó)慶前beforeNationalDay入大學(xué)前beforecomingtocollege

這些都是"點(diǎn)"狀語(yǔ)，因?yàn)?970年前即1970年1月1日前。國(guó)慶節(jié)即10月1日前。ago表示一段時(shí)間。例：一分鐘前aminuteago半小時(shí)前halfanhourago兩天前twodaysago一星期前aweekago五年前fiveyearsago

因?yàn)閍minute,halfanhour,twodays,aweek,fiveyears等都表示一段時(shí)間，所以用等皆如此。

before可接完成時(shí)，ago過(guò)去級(jí)有限這時(shí)的before是連詞(也可做介詞)

例：Wehadscarcelyleftourschoolbeforeitbegantorain.我們剛離開(kāi)學(xué)校，天就下雨了。(完成時(shí))

IhadstudiedFrenchforfourmonthsbeforeIcamehere.我來(lái)這兒以前就已學(xué)了四個(gè)月法語(yǔ)了。(before接完成時(shí))Hefellillthreedaysago.

ago。以及tendayslater他病了三天了。(ago則只能接動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，同時(shí)注意瞬間動(dòng)詞的問(wèn)題。)Helefttwomonthsago.兩個(gè)月前他離開(kāi)了。(同上)Imetherafewminutesago.我在幾分鐘前碰到他了。(同上)Since以來(lái)during間，since時(shí)態(tài)多變換與之相比beside,除了lastbutone。

即beside的一般用法是"在…旁邊",但還有"和…相比"等特殊用法。

例：IfeltsoweakinspokenEnglishbesidethem.和他們相比，我感到我的口語(yǔ)太差。Besideworkandstudy,allelsewastrivial.同工作和學(xué)習(xí)比起來(lái)，其他一切都是小事。

除了lastbutone，即but多指"除了"的意思，也有"倒數(shù)第幾"的意思。lastbutone即不是最后一個(gè)。例：Ihaven"ttoldanybodybutone.除了我愛(ài)人，我誰(shuí)也沒(méi)告訴。(除了)Whobutafoolwouldstudyforeignlanguagewellifheisahardworkingone.如果他勤奮好學(xué)的話，除了傻瓜誰(shuí)都能學(xué)好外語(yǔ)。(除了)Lookatthelastpagebutone.請(qǐng)看倒數(shù)第2頁(yè)。

Hewasthelastbutthreeinmathsexaminationthistime.他這次數(shù)學(xué)考試成績(jī)倒數(shù)第四。Theyliveinthenexthousebutone.他們住在隔壁過(guò)去一家。復(fù)不定for、找，價(jià)，原，對(duì)，給，段，去，為，作，贊

復(fù)不定for，即用for引出的不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是for加名(代)加不定式；找，意為找到，提供；價(jià)，意為價(jià)格、工資；原，意為原因；段，意為時(shí)間或距離；去，意為去某地或開(kāi)往某地；作，意為作為；贊，意為贊成(用于系表結(jié)構(gòu)。)

例：Itishightimeforustostart.我們不該再遲延了。Themosturgentthingisforustogetthepreparationdone.最重要的事情是我們要把準(zhǔn)備工作做好。

Idon"tthinkitadvisableforhimtostudymedicine.我想她學(xué)醫(yī)不適合。Yourparentsandrelativesareanxiousforyoutogotocollege.你的父母和親戚渴望你上大學(xué)。

Myhometownhaschangedtoomuchformetorecognize.我的家鄉(xiāng)變化太大，簡(jiǎn)直認(rèn)不出來(lái)了。以上例句都是for在不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的用法。

Someoneisaskingforyouonthetelephone.有人找你接電話。(找)You"dbetterwritetomeformoreinformationaboutit.如需更多這方面的資科和信息，你最好給我寫(xiě)信。(提問(wèn)，索要)

Theyworkedinthecompanyfor200yuanamonth.他們?cè)谶@個(gè)公司干活，每月嫌200元。(價(jià)格)Howmuchdidyoupayforthesecond-handcolourTV?這臺(tái)用過(guò)的彩電你花了多少錢(qián)?(價(jià)格)Thankyouverymuchforyourcoming.謝謝您的光臨。(原因)Thankyouforyourwarmhospitality.謝謝您的熱情款待。(原因)Forgivemeforbeingtardy.請(qǐng)?jiān)�諒我遲到了。(原因)I"mmuchobligedtoyoufortellingme.非常感謝你給我談了這個(gè)情況。(原因)Wehaveboundlessadmirationforyourstruggle.對(duì)你們的斗爭(zhēng)我們無(wú)限欽佩。(對(duì))Listeningcomprehensionmaterialsaregoodfortrainingourminds.聽(tīng)力材料對(duì)訓(xùn)練我們的腦子根有好處。(對(duì))

Takethebittermedicine.It"sgoodforyou.吃下這藥吧，對(duì)你有好處。(對(duì))Thereisatelegramfor這有一份王先生的電報(bào)。(給)MayIuseitforaminute?我用一會(huì)兒好嗎?(一段時(shí)間)

Ifollowedthestealerforsomedistance.我跟蹤那個(gè)小偷一段路。(一段距離)TheshipwasforDalian.這破船開(kāi)往大連。(去某地)

WeareoffforShanghaitomorrow.明天我們?nèi)ド虾！?去某地)

Themedicineisforreducingyourtemperature.這藥是退燒的。(為…目的)Afterbreakfast,I"llgoforastrollroundthetown.吃完飯我要在城里到處走走。(為…目的)

I"llkeepthelightergivenbyaforeignfriendforasouvenir.我要把外賓送給我的打火機(jī)作為紀(jì)念。(作為)

Itisonlymeantforajoke.這只是當(dāng)笑話說(shuō)說(shuō)罷了。(作為)

Weareallforcuttingdownthecostofproduction.我們都贊成降低生產(chǎn)成本。(贊成)快到、對(duì)、向towards，工、學(xué)、軍、城、上、北、南

例：It"sgettingontowardstheendoftermnow.現(xiàn)在已快到學(xué)期未了。(快到)Towardsmidnightmyhusbandcameback.快到半夜了我的丈夫才回來(lái)。(快到)Ourteacherwasverylenienttowardsus.我們的老師對(duì)我們很松。(對(duì))Whatyouhaveinventedisreallyabigcontributiontowardsourcompany.你所發(fā)明的對(duì)我們公司確實(shí)是一大貢獻(xiàn)。(對(duì))

Theboycamerunningtowardshismother.那個(gè)男孩向他母親跑去。(向著)所謂工、學(xué)、軍、城、上、北、南，是說(shuō)up和down的用法。這也是漢英翻譯時(shí)要注意的。例如：招工，上大學(xué)，參軍，進(jìn)城，

上山，向北方等都屬于up。而相反的下鄉(xiāng)，向南，落榜等都屬于down。"大軍南下，北上抗日"大概由此而來(lái)。butfor否定用虛擬，復(fù)合介詞待后言。butfor是"若不是"的意思。

例：ButforourgreatCommunistParty,wecouldneverhavetoday"shappiness.若沒(méi)有偉大的共產(chǎn)黨，我們決不會(huì)有今天的幸福生活。

Butforthischemicalthevapourinsidethesystemwouldnothavebeenabsorbedsocompletely.若沒(méi)有這個(gè)化學(xué)劑的作用，系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的蒸汽不可能被吸收得這么徹底。butfor將在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中詳講。例：ingeneral一般說(shuō)來(lái)inshort簡(jiǎn)言之inotherwords換言之inmyopinion依我看insimplewords簡(jiǎn)言之onthewhole基本上forinstance例如forshort簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)afterall畢竟aboveall首先

此外考試中常出現(xiàn)的成語(yǔ)前置詞也須牢記其用法。byappearance從外表bytheaidof借…的幫助byfar…得多bycourseof…照…常例byreasonof由于byrequest應(yīng)邀byrightof由于憑借outofdate過(guò)時(shí)

outofharmonywith與…不一致outofharmonywith擺脫困境outofbounds超出權(quán)限outofproportionto與…不相稱(chēng)outofreach力量不及outofone"swits不知所措outofquestion沒(méi)問(wèn)題outofthequestion不可能的toagreatextent很大程度上toone"staste合…胃口toone"sthinking據(jù)…看來(lái)toone"sheart"scontent盡情地totheutmost盡力behindschedule不準(zhǔn)時(shí)behindthetimes過(guò)時(shí)的behindthecurtain在幕后withinreach能力所及withinahair"sbreadth差-點(diǎn)withinastone"sthrowof在附近beyonddescription無(wú)法形容beyondreason毫無(wú)道理beyondreproach無(wú)可指責(zé)

beyondone"sexpectation超出…范圍beyondexpression無(wú)法表達(dá)

ing型由于、鑒，除了，除外與包含。之后，關(guān)于，在…方面，有關(guān)介詞須記全。

最后，英語(yǔ)中v.-ing分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而成的特殊介詞，更須注意，根據(jù)其語(yǔ)法功能，把它們同現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)名詞和連同區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。即：

respecting由于,鑒于；considering由于,鑒于；excepting除了；concerning關(guān)于；exceptingfor除外；excluding除外；withoutexceptingsb.包含；including包括，包含；following在…之后；regarding關(guān)于；respecting在…方面；concerning有關(guān)；例：considering由于；

Consideringthattablesaltisthecommonestsourceofsodiuminfood,thedietusuallycallsforeatingsalt-freefoods.由于食鹽是鈉在食物中普遍的來(lái)源，醫(yī)生給病人規(guī)定的，飲食通常要求吃無(wú)鹽食品。respecting鑒于：

Respectingtheheavyrain,wehadtoputoffthematch.鑒于下大雨，我們不得不推遲了這場(chǎng)比賽。excepting除了：

excepting可單獨(dú)使用，可以與always或否定詞not連用，也可以與for,without之類(lèi)介詞連用。Exceptingoneofhisclosefriends,theywerepresentattheparty.除了他的一個(gè)摯友外，他們都來(lái)赴宴了。

Heisanhonestman,exceptingforhisquicktemper.

他是個(gè)老實(shí)人，只是("除了"脾氣暴躁。(同類(lèi)比較except，加for異類(lèi)記心間)。Everybodyisinhighspirits,alwaysexceptinghim.大家都情緒高昂，唯他"除外"(例外)。Onlyafewsurvivorswithoutexceptinghimwerelivinginthesettlement.包括他在內(nèi)，只有幾個(gè)幸存者住在新拓居地。including包含：

Thenewapartmentconsistsofthreeroomsincludingthekitchen.這套公寓有三間，包括廚房。

following在…之后：相當(dāng)于afterTheweekfollowinghisfirstvisittothenewsroomhewasappointededitoroftheimportantcolumn.在拜訪該報(bào)社編輯部的"第二個(gè)"星期，他放任命為該報(bào)重要專(zhuān)欄的主筆。regarding關(guān)于：相當(dāng)于aboutRegardingresearchinvestmentandnumberofresearchersengagedinthisfieldofresearch,theanoverwhelmingpositionfollowedbyJapan."關(guān)于"投入該領(lǐng)域研究的投資額和研究人員的數(shù)量，美國(guó)占?jí)旱箖?yōu)勢(shì)，其次是日本。respecting在…方面：Respectingeducation,health,medicalcareaswellasproductionandlabortechnologicaldevelopmentwillhavetobeevaluatedwithduethoughtgiventosocialsystemsandhumanism."在"教育、衛(wèi)生、生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)"方面",評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)的發(fā)展需根據(jù)社會(huì)制度和人道主義。concerning有關(guān)：

Thefollowingaresomeoftheargumentsbothprosandconsconcerningcomputers,thinking,andartificialintelligence.下面是"有關(guān)"計(jì)算機(jī)、思維和人工智能方面持贊成和反對(duì)態(tài)度的一些論據(jù)。

當(dāng)然，這些ing型的介詞，在句子中也有分詞、動(dòng)名詞和連詞的語(yǔ)法功能。excluding和including，表示排除與包含。

LastyearBritishsalestotheregionweremorethan$8billion,whileFrenchexports,excludingarmsbroughtinaround$3billion.去年，英國(guó)對(duì)這個(gè)地區(qū)的銷(xiāo)售額達(dá)80多億美元，而法國(guó)的出口額(武器除外)約為30億美元。

StressmaydepletevitaminCinyourbody,ascansmoking,drinkingandavarietyofdrugs,notexceptingaspirin.生活緊張會(huì)耗盡你體內(nèi)的維生素C，正如吸煙、飲酒、服用某些藥物(包括阿斯匹林)一樣�！锴迦A大學(xué)★英語(yǔ)系測(cè)試：為中小學(xué)生英語(yǔ)量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：清華大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教授50年研究成果

style

名詞n.1.風(fēng)格,作風(fēng)[C][U]

2.文體;文風(fēng);語(yǔ)調(diào)[C][U]Theletteriswritteninaformalstyle.這封信以正式文體寫(xiě)成。3.風(fēng)度;體面,時(shí)髦[U]Thatgentlemanhasgreatstyle.那位先生很有風(fēng)度。4.(衣服等的)流行款式[C][U]Herhatisoutofstyle.她的帽子過(guò)時(shí)了。

5.(商品等的)種類(lèi),型,式樣[C]You"llfindseveraldifferentstylesofarchitectureinthisstreet.在這條街上你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)幾種不同類(lèi)型的建筑。

及物動(dòng)詞vt.1.稱(chēng)呼;命名[O9]Hestyledhimself"MisterClean".他自稱(chēng)是"清廉先生"。

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